Factores de riesgo relacionados al bruxismo del sueño en niños de 3 a 12 años: revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59334/ROV.v1i36.474Abstract
Introducción: El bruxismo del sueño (BS) es una actividad del músculo masticatorio durante el sueño que se caracteriza por ser rítmica o no rítmica que no debe ser considerada un trastorno del sueño o movimiento por sí sola. Objetivo: Revisar información de artículos relacionados a los factores de riesgo del bruxismo del sueño en niños de 3 a 12 años. Metodología: La estrategia de búsqueda de artículos fue realizada en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicos: PubMed, Ebsco, Web of Science y Scielo. Los descriptores: “niños”, “pre-escolares”, “bruxismo”, “factores de riesgo” y “bruxismo del sueño” fueron utilizados en la búsqueda. Los criterios de selección incluyeron artículos publicados desde el 2009 al 2020 en idioma inglés y español. Estudios transversales, estudios de cohorte, casos controles y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que reportaron factores de riesgo del BS en niños de 3 a 12 años de edad fueron incluidos. Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente los títulos y los resúmenes. Luego, los resúmenes considerados relevantes se programaron para la revisión del texto completo. En esta revisión, no existió discrepancias entre los dos revisores. Resultados: Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se incluyeron veintidós artículos. Entre los artículos seleccionados, no hubo asociación entre edad y SB en niños. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a la información disponible, la genética, género masculino, ansiedad, trastornos psicológicos y emocionales, características y/o problemas de sueño; y las dificultades respiratorias son considerados factores de riesgo relacionados al bruxismo del sueño en niños de 3 a 12 años. Sin embargo, la asociación con maloclusiones aún necesita más estudios.
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