Bruxismo y su asociación con la disfunción temporomandibular en niños. Revisión de literatura

Carla Gisella  Gamboa-Arrieta; Rossmary Navarro Betetta; Katherine Jeanette  Campos Campos; Denisse  Aguilar-Gálvez; Evelyn  Alvarez Vidigal

doi:10.59334/ROV.v2i39.558

Autores/as

Carla Gisella Gamboa-Arrieta Universidad Cientifica del Sur
Rossmary Navarro Betetta Universidad Cientifica del Sur
Katherine Jeanette Campos Campos Universidad Cientifica del Sur
Denisse Aguilar-Gálvez Universidad Cientifica del Sur
Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal Universidad Cientifica del Sur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59334/ROV.v2i39.558

Palabras clave:

Síndrome de la disfunción de articulación temporomandibular, disfunción temporomandibular, bruxismo, bruxismo del sueño, niño

Resumen

Introducción: El bruxismo está definido como una actividad oral motora que consiste en el apretamiento o rechinamiento involuntario (rítmico o espasmódico no funcional) de los dientes, con una prevalencia de 5.9% a 49.6% en niños. Lo que podría contribuir a problemas clínicos asociados con la articulación temporomandibular. La asociación entre la disfunción temporomandibular (DTM) y el bruxismo en niños aún no está totalmente establecida. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es recopilar información actualizada de estudios que hayan abordado la asociación entre el bruxismo y la disfunción temporomandibular en niños de 3 a 12 años. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Scopus, Pubmed y Scielo usando los descriptores “Niño”, “Niños”, “Preescolar”, “Bruxismo”, “Bruxismo del sueño”, “Disfunción Temporomandibular”; y, “Síndrome de la Disfunción de Articulación Temporomandibular”. Fueron incluidos artículos publicados en los últimos 15 años en idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Fueron incluidos estudios transversales, de cohorte, casos controles y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: Se evaluaron 242 artículos, de los cuales solo 11 fueron incluidos de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión. Entre los estudios incluidos, dos de ellos no encontraron asociación entre DTM y bruxismo, tres encontraron una tendencia o probable asociación y seis encontraron una asociación positiva. Conclusiones: Existen estudios que relatan asociación entre el bruxismo y las disfunciones temporomandibulares en niños de 3 a 12 años, relacionando la presencia de signos y síntomas de la DTM con el bruxismo, pudiendo ser este último, un factor de riesgo para la presencia de DTM.

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