Odontología Vital is scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal. The journal publishes outcomes from research studies, clinical cases and systematic reviews from the dentistry practice. Odontología Vital is aimed to national and international professionals and students in the Dentristy domain. Likewise, it's aimed to anyone interested in oral health. The journal doesn't have any article processing charges. It is published semi-annually, since 2004, by the School of Dentristy at Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, Campus San Pedro, Lourdes de Montes de Oca, P.O.Box 1571-2050 San Pedro. Email: odontologiavital@ulatina.cr
Authors who publish with Odontología Vital agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant Universidad Latina de Costa Rica the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the Odontología Vital's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Marginal microleakage in restorations with Bulk Fill resins
Composite resins have established themselves as one of the most widely used materials in contemporary dental practice due to their aesthetic advantages, their ability to adhere to the dental substrate, and their applicability in both the anterior and posterior regions. However, these advantages can be compromised if the material selection, adhesive techniques, or filling protocols are not appropriate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarelena Tijerino Ayala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction: Nasal bone fractures represent one of the most prevalent facial injuries in adults, largely attributable to the nose’s prominent and exposed anatomical position. These fractures constitute approximately 40% of all facial fractures and are frequently result of high-impact events, such as motor vehicle collisions, sports-related trauma, and interpersonal violence. Given the nose’s integral role in both facial aesthetics and respiratory function, the management of nasal fractures is fundamental to ensure optimal outcomes in both cosmetic appearance and functional restoration.Objective: The aim of this paper is to present a step-by-step guide for perform a closed nasal reduction, using the clinical case of a patient with a nasal fracture as an example, along with a brief literature review on efficacy, aesthetic and functional considerations, and appropriate timing for intervention. Case presentation: A 47-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with a nasal bone fracture sustained during an assault. Upon evaluation, the fracture was deemed suitable for management through closed reduction. A detailed step-by-step description of the closed reduction technique for nasal fractures, performed on the patient as an example, is provided. Post-procedure care included the use of internal and external splints, as well as a regimen of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications. Conclusion: Closed nasal reduction remains a widely used and effective procedure in the treatment of nasal bone fractures, particularly when performed early after injury. The procedure is minimally invasive and can yield satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. However, its success depends on factors such as the timing of the intervention and the surgeon’s experience. While closed reduction is effective for most simple fractures, more complex cases may require additional surgical interventions, such as nasal osteotomy, particularly if bone fusion has already occurred. The management of nasal fractures is an elementary skill that maxillofacial surgeons must have, given the prevalence of these injuries in emergency settings.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sofía Catalina Escobar Riquelme, Nicolás Ibáñez Ballesteros, Roberto Macchiavello Macho, José Patricio Hernández Flores, Gustavo Gazitúa Larraín https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis and Evaluation of Nasal Angles in Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty with Hyaluronic Acid
Background: Studies show the efficacy and safety of nasal reshaping with hyaluronic acid. However, there is little evidence on the clinical parameters modified to achieve an aesthetic improvement in the nasal profile. In aesthetic analysis, the nasolabial angle has often been used to evaluate the rotation of the nasal tip in non-surgical rhinoplasty, a parameter dependent on the position of the upper lip. The researchers declare no conflicts of interest. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the changes induced by non-surgical rhinomodelling in the nasal profile by measuring the nasolabial angle traced on soft tissues and the new nasal angle proposed by the authors. Additionally, the study highlights the efficacy and safety of nasal reshaping with hyaluronic acid. Methods: This is a prospective open-label study where the outcome of rhinoplasty treatment with cannula (23G x 38 mm) was evaluated in 25 adult patients (treated in the areas of the nasal spine, columella, and supratip) using a maximum of 0,6 ml of hyaluronic acid. Results: Twenty-five patients participated in this study (22 women and 3 men) with an average age of 34 years. An average of 0.33 ± 0.11 ml of hyaluronic acid was infiltrated during the procedure. Twenty-two patients underwent this procedure for the first time during this study, while the other three had undergone between 1 to 3 previous procedures. Only two patients required a second intervention, using an average of 0.18 ml. Nasolabial angles before and after treatment were measured; on average, this increased from 89.3 ± 11.3° to 98.4 ± 8.2° (average change of 9.1 ± 7.3°). No complications were recorde. Conclusion: Statistically significant changes were observed when comparing the nasolabial angle measurements before and after the procedure, with an average increase of 9º, as determined through nasal profile analysis and subsequently tested in STATA 11 (P=0.0000). Additionally, given that the nasolabial angle may vary due to aging and modifications in perioral structures, it is necessary to measure another angle to assess nasal tip projection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paula Arroyo A., Isidora Belén Contreras Rojas, Javier Rojo Pereira, Rodrigo Hernández Quezada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Solubility of two glass ionomers submerged in artificial saliva for 21 days
Abstract: Introduction: In general, glass ionomers suffer from clinical issues such as solubility in the saliva found in the oral cavity. Solubility influences marginal integration, surface properties, and aesthetics, which can lead to the failure of restorative treatments. Objective: This research aimed to compare the solubility of two glass ionomers submerged in artificial saliva for a period of 21 days. Method: An in vitro experimental study was conducted, where 15 Ketac Molar Easymix® glass ionomer tablets and 15 GC Gold Label 2 glass ionomer tablets were prepared. They were divided into groups of 3 tablets for each type of glass ionomer, resulting in 5 groups with 3 tablets each. A tare weight was recorded to exclude the exclusive weight of the group of 3 tablets, and then the weight of each group of tablets was measured using an analytical balance. Subsequently, each group of 3 tablets was submerged in artificial saliva (KIN Hidrat brand) for 21 days and then reweighed after careful drying to evaluate the percentage of weight loss due to immersion in artificial saliva. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Excel. A database was created, and the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied, showing that both groups had a normal distribution and were homogeneous samples. The percentage of weight difference due to immersion in artificial saliva had a mean of 3.18% for Ketac Molar Easymix® and 4.012% for GC Gold Label 2. The t-test for independent samples was also applied to compare the groups' percentage of weight differences. Although the significance level was 0.55, indicating no statistically significant difference in the means of the two types of ionomers, it is highlighted that, from a clinical and practical perspective, each sample represented that three glass ionomer tablets of the same brand and vial had gained significant weight. This suggests potential clinical relevance in the application of the ionomers. Conclusion: The in vitro study concludes that GC Gold Label 2 glass ionomer exhibited higher solubility, represented as a percentage after 21 days of immersion in artificial saliva. The study also found that both glass ionomers showed significant weight gain after immersion in artificial saliva. Although the statistical analysis did not show a significant difference between the two groups, the results may have important practical implications for the clinical application of these materials.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jardiel Steven Sevilla Reñazco, Kelly Mishel Alemán Lainez, Chelssy del Socorro Pérez Lacayo, Marco Antonio Delgado Méndez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dental wear in natural teeth opposed to monolithic zirconia crowns vs. metal-ceramic. Systematized review.
Objective: To carry out a systematic review on the comparison of dental wear exerted by monolithic zirconia crowns and metal-porcelain crowns on opposing natural teeth. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out on different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Scielo) and 6 articles were selected, of which 4 were in vivo studies, and 2 were in vitro. Results: In 2 in vivo studies, the monolithic zirconia crown exerted less wear than the metallo-ceramic crown in the 1-year control. One in vivo study indicates that monolithic zirconia exerts less wear on the opposing natural tooth in a 6-month follow-up, but exerts greater wear than ceramic metal after one year. Other in vivo study indicates that monolithic zirconia exerts greater wear than ceramic metal in 6-month and 1-year controls. In vitro studies indicate that the monolithic zirconia crown causes less wear on the opposing natural tooth between 240,000 to 250,000 chewing cycles, which is equivalent to 1 year. Conclusions: Both monolithic zirconia crowns and metal-ceramic crowns behave well within the masticatory system, although studies show that the monolithic zirconia crown would exert less wear on the opposing tooth, there are other factors that influence wear, such as final finish of the crown, for example: glazed or polished. Intraoral scanning would be a more precise method for quantifying wear, since it prevents the impression-taking procedure. A follow-up of more than 1 year is suggested in future investigations related to the subject, in order to corroborate if the same results are maintained or could be different.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aldrin Gabriel Díaz Albino, Rosella Vanina Camere Colarossi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Uso de malla Marlex en el tratamiento de fracturas de piso de orbita. Revision de literatura y reporte de caso.
Introducción: Las fracturas de órbita representan entre el 24 % y el 36 % de todas las fracturas en la región maxilofacial, siendo las más comunes aquellas que afectan el piso de la órbita (26 %). Tradicionalmente, el estándar de oro para la reconstrucción de estas fracturas ha sido el uso de mallas de titanio. No obstante, la malla Marlex se presenta como una alternativa viable para el manejo quirúrgico. Objetivos: El objetivo principal consiste en revisar la etiopatogenia de las fracturas del piso de la órbita y evaluar la malla Marlex como una opción para el tratamiento quirúrgico, destacando sus ventajas mecánicas, biológicas y su fácil manipulación. Resultados: La malla Marlex, fabricada en polietileno, posee excelentes propiedades mecánicas, tales como alta estabilidad y resistencia a la deformación. Además, es una malla no absorbible que se manipula con facilidad; se adapta bien a la forma del defecto y puede cortarse con tijeras según sea necesario. Esta malla no solo refuerza la zona afectada, sino que también facilita la formación de tejido óseo, al tiempo que proporciona soporte mecánico. Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino con una lesión significativa en los tejidos blandos de la región infraorbitaria derecha se trató inicialmente con una sutura de espesor total en urgencias. Después, fue derivado al servicio de cirugía maxilofacial del Instituto Traumatológico, donde se le diagnosticó una fractura del piso de la órbita derecha. El abordaje quirúrgico se realizó a través de esta herida para efectuar la plastia y suturar por planos, utilizando una malla de Marlex para reparar la fractura. Conclusiones: Aunque la malla de titanio es el estándar de oro, es esencial considerar alternativas como la malla Marlex, debido a sus notables virtudes biológicas y mecánicas. Esta malla ofrece resultados quirúrgicos y posoperatorios excelentes para el paciente.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nicolas Ibañez Ballesteros, Alonso Vargas Flores , Gustavo Gazitua Larrain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE Use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry in times of the covid-19 pandemic: literature review
At the beginning of 2020, the virus that initiates COVID-19 emerges. Therefore, limitations were imposed on the interactions in the pediatric dental office. Teledentistry became an option to provide dental services to pediatric patients. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted on platforms such as: Ebsco, Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding it. It was found that teledentistry was used for the purposes like as the diagnosis and promotion of oral health, measurement of knowledge of parents about children's oral health, to perform dental appliance checks, to measure the attitude and knowledge of teledentistry by the pediatric dentist and to carry out disease prevention and control in special patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this literature review was to determine the use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: The selection criteria included case reports, original articles and randomized clinical trials in Spanish or English published from 2020 to 2022. Articles other than Spanish or English were excluded. The research question is: What is the use of teledentistry in Pediatric Dentistry in times of the Covid-19 pandemic? P= pediatric patients in need of dental care in times of the Covid-19 pandemic I= teledentistry C= not receiving dental care O= reduction in viral exposure of the pediatric patient during dental consultation, guidelines for dental care in times of pandemic, appropriate use of teledentistry in pandemic. The article search strategy was conducted on platforms such as: EBSCO, Scielo, LILACS, Pubmed and Google Scholar. RESULTS: It was found that teledentistry was used for diagnosis and promotion of oral health, to measure parents' knowledge of children's oral health, perform dental appliance checks, measure the attitude and knowledge of teledentistry by the pediatric dentist and to conduct prevention and control of diseases in special patients
Copyright (c) 2024 Amparo Landeo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
La importancia de la formación investigativa en estudiantes de odontología
La investigación científica es considerada un pilar fundamental en la educación superior, debido a que los estudiantes universitarios deben desarrollar habilidades que permitan la generación de nuevos conocimientos mediante la indagación, argumentación, síntesis y La investigación científica se considera un cimiento esencial de la educación superior, ya que facilita generar nuevos conocimientos mediante la exploración, la argumentación y el manejo de diversas tecnologías durante la formación académica de los estudiantes (Cejas Martínez et al., 2019; Espinoza Troconi et al., 2016). En el ámbito de la salud, la adquisición de competencias investigativas suele ser problemática porque la formación del profesional se centra en la parte clínica, olvidando que las habilidades investigativas son cruciales para el fortalecimiento del ejercicio profesional (Castro-Rodríguez y Grados-Pomarino, 2017; Pineda-Vélez y Botero-Mariaca, 2023).
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Homero Wilches Visbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry in times of the covid-19 pandemic: literature review [English translation-Original in Spanish]
At the beginning of 2020, the virus that initiates COVID-19 emerges. Therefore, limitations were imposed on the interactions in the pediatric dental office. Teledentistry became an option to provide dental services to pediatric patients. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted on platforms such as: Ebsco, Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding it. It was found that teledentistry was used for the purposes like as the diagnosis and promotion of oral health, measurement of knowledge of parents about children’s oral health, to perform dental appliance checks, to measure the attitude and knowledge of teledentistry by the pediatric dentist and to carry out disease prevention and control in special patients. Objective: The purpose of this literature review was to determine the use of teledentistry in pediatric dentistry in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The selection criteria included case reports, original articles and randomized clinical trials in Spanish or English published from 2020 to 2022. Articles other than Spanish or English were excluded. The research question is: What is the use of teledentistry in Pediatric Dentistry in times of the Covid-19 pandemic? P= pediatric patients in need of dental care in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. I= teledentistry C= not receiving dental care O= reduction in viral exposure of the pediatric patient during dental consultation, guidelines for dental care in times of pandemic, appropriate use of teledentistry in pandemic. The article search strategy was conducted on platforms such as: EBSCO, Scielo, LILACS, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: It was found that teledentistry was used for diagnosis and promotion of oral health, to measure parents’ knowledge of children’s oral health, perform dental appliance checks, measure the attitude and knowledge of teledentistry by the pediatric dentist and to conduct prevention and control of diseases in special patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amparo Landeo , Katherine Jeanette Campos Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" data-placeholder="Traducción" data-ved="2ahUKEwj21t2quv2KAxXqSjABHeFKNAoQ3ewLegQICxAU" aria-label="Texto traducido: Unlike other facial fractures, in the treatment of orbital fractures, in addition to the correct union of the bone, the aim is to reconstruct the defect, correct functional deficiencies, restore facial anatomy and restore the normal volume of the orbital content. In this context, a valuable treatment option is the Marlex mesh, composed of monofilament polypropylene fibers that are intertwined to form a strong and durable structure.">Unlike other facial fractures, in the treatment of orbital fractures, in addition to the correct union of the bone, the aim is to reconstruct the defect, correct functional deficiencies, restore facial anatomy and restore the normal volume of the orbital content. In this context, a valuable treatment option is the Marlex mesh, composed of monofilament polypropylene fibers that are intertwined to form a strong and durable structure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosa Elena Del Valle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Presence of non-communicable diseases in a Chilean population with periodontitis
Aim: To determine the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in chilean individuals suffering from periodontitis, stratifying them according to the severity of their periodontal condition. Presence of non-communicable diseases in a Chilean population with periodontitis. Methods: This study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational design. Patients registered at the Periodontics Clinic of the Universidad Andrés Bello were included. Records of patients aged 18 years old with complete clinical history, medical-dental records, and full periodontogram were analyzed from March 2017 to May 2018. The periodontal diagnosis was established following the Page classification, categorized as mild or absent, moderate, and severe. The presence or absence of NCDs was documented. NCDs were grouped into: diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy complications, respiratory diseases, kidney problems, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorders, obesity, cancer, dyslipidemias, and psoriasis. The calculation of absolute frequencies was performed using Prism-GraphPad statistical software. Results: This study encompassed a cohort of 152 individuals, predominantly female, with an average age of 39.8 ±14.8 years. Notably, 59.86% displayed severe periodontitis, 21.71% had moderate periodontitis, and 18% exhibited mild or absent periodontitis. In terms of NCDs, 32.9% of the total participants were afflicted, with diabetes (11.84%), cardiovascular conditions (9.87%), and obesity (4.61%) emerging as the prevailing culprits. It is noteworthy that diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity showed a higher incidence among patients with the mild form of periodontitis. Conclusion: In this examined population of individuals with periodontitis, a significant prevalence of 32.9% for NCDs was evident, with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes emerging as the predominant types.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho, Constanza Jimenez, Franco Olave, Maria Jose Bordagaray, Alejandra Fernandez, Dafna Benadof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 María José Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traditional silver diamine fluoride as an alternative in the management of dental caries in children: effectiveness and aesthetic limitations. Literary review
Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a chemical compound used in dentistry for the treatment of dental caries, which combines silver and fluoride ions. Eliminates bacteria and promotes enamel remineralization, ideal for children and patients with special needs. Its application leaves black pigmentation in the treated lesions. Objective: Analyze the effectiveness and aesthetic limitations of traditional silver diamine fluoride in stopping caries in children. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out in PubMed, Scielo and ResearchGate on silver diamine fluoride. Studies published between 2019 and 2024, in English and Spanish, such as literature reviews, theses, case series and observational studies are included. Results: Of the 45 records identified, 15 were excluded, leaving five eligible studies. These show that silver diamine fluoride is effective in stopping cavities, however its most important limitation is black pigmentation. The final recommendations offer guidelines for use in pediatric dentistry. Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is effective in stopping caries n children, although its black pigmentation may affect its acceptance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ingrid Cedeño Mejia, Jenny Collantes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In vitro study of marginal microleakage levels in restorations with Bulk Fill resins using the deproteinization technique prior to acid etching
Introduction: Currently, the market offers Bulk Fill resins that are used with the monobloc or single-increment technique (up to 4 or 5 mm). These resins are characterized by a lower filler content and larger filler particles, improved translucency, and a different chemical structure of the monomers in the filler compounds, which—when placed in a single block—reduce polymerization stress. Objective: To evaluate the level of marginal microleakage of two Bulk Fill resins using the deproteinization technique prior to acid etching. Methods: This is an in vitro study in which 64 extracted premolars underwent standardized cavity preparations. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to a manual thermocycling process of 500 cycles. All samples were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Microleakage was then observed with a stereomicroscope. Results: For the Aura Bulk Fill resin, microleakage in enamel was observed in 25% of the deproteinized samples and in 18.8% of the non-deproteinized samples. For the Filtek Bulk Fill resin, 31.3% of the samples exhibited microleakage in enamel with the deproteinization technique and 25.0% without deproteinization. No statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: All samples presented microleakage, with similar levels in both brands of Bulk Fill resins, and no significant differences were observed with the application of the deproteinization technique.
Copyright (c) 2024 Herbert Cosio Dueñas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Workflow from Planning to Rehabilitation of a Dental Implant: A Clinical Case Report
Introduction Dental implants represent a valid option in modern dentistry, and their long-term success depends on precise planning. A digital workflow combines the analysis of 3D models and images, and cone-beam computed tomography is a prerequisite for planning. Objective To demonstrate the effectiveness of the digital workflow in treatment planning and execution to obtain predictable and high-quality results in the rehabilitation of simple cases of single tooth loss, proposing a protocol for its incorporation as standard practice for undergraduate students in the University's dental clinic. Method The treatment was performed on a 24-year-old systemically healthy patient with a fixed prosthesis in the 4-5 to 4-7 area, localized gingivitis and marginal misfit, and a Seibert class I residual ridge with the possibility of rehabilitation using a guided dental implant. The prosthesis was emoved, indicating individual abutment crowns. omography indicated the need to use connective tissue on the buccal side to improve the prosthetic profile of the ridge, for which the modified roll technique was applied. Bone densification was chosen to ensure primary stability, thus enabling immediate loading with a provisional crown on the same day as the surgery. Results The fully digital workflow facilitated the execution of the surgical procedure safely and accurately, allowing recognition of the operator's position with respect to the patient's anatomical structures at all times, thus obtaining predictable results. Conclusions Confidence in planning is essential, and the fully digital workflow is especially beneficial when the treatment is performed by undergraduate students. This translates into benefits for both the future professional and the patient.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kryscia Bell, Dr. José Mario Chon Him https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Professional and technological development of dental tourismin Puerto Vallarta
Introduction The Universal Medical Travel agency of the United States (USA), promotes Mexico, Costa Rica and Colombia, as Latin American countries with high quality in dental services. Other countries in Latin America that offer dental tourism are Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Objective The objective of this study is to describe the professional and technological development of dental practitioners in Puerto Vallarta. Method For the analysis, 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with dentists practicing in Puerto Vallarta, selected from a total population of 176 professionals listed in the National Statistical Directory of Economic Units (DENUE), as of November 2023 (INEGI, 2024). These interviews provided insights into key trends and challenges related to specialization and the adoption of advanced technologies in the dental field. Results The results show a notable increase in the use of advanced technologies among dentists in Puerto Vallarta. Additionally, there is a marked rise in professional specialization, driven by the need to cater to an increasingly demanding international clientele as a result of the growth in medical tourism. Conclusions The professional and technological development of dentists in Puerto Vallarta largely depends on the ongoing training and updates that practitioners seek and finance with their own resources. Dentists contribute to local economic growth through the foreign tourism they serve and the services and materials they consume. The Puerto Vallarta Dental Association has played a crucial role in enhancing the professional skills of affiliated dentists and those willing to participate in the activities it offers.
Copyright (c) 2024 Graciela Chavez Trujillo, Dra. María del Carmen Anaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lesiones orales en pacientes consumidores de diferentes tipos de tabaco no inhalados. Revisión de la literatura.
Introducción: El tabaco no inhalado (ST siglas en inglés) se consume ampliamente en todo el mundo, siendo particularmente comunes productos como el gutkha y el paan masala. Estos productos a menudo contienen nuez de areca, conocida por sus propiedades cancerígenas y sus efectos negativos en la salud bucal. Además, el tabaco es un ingrediente clave en ST y se ha relacionado con una variedad de problemas de salud dentales y generales, particularmente entre las poblaciones más jóvenes. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es demostrar el efecto deletéreo de ST en la salud oral. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a partir de una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre enero de 2009 y marzo de 2023 en los buscadores PubMed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Resultados: Algunos estudios han demostrado que los componentes de ST y la nuez de areca pueden ser particularmente peligrosos para las personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes. Además, el tabaco tiene un impacto significativo en la salud periodontal y dental, con lesiones patológicas que pueden conducir a trastornos malignos. La presión de grupo y el estrés son razones comunes para la adicción al ST. Por lo tanto, se debe enfatizar reiteradamente la promoción de la intención de dejar este hábito para evitar las consecuencias negativas de estos productos. Conclusión: El consumo de tabaco se ha cobrado un alto precio en todo el mundo debido a su frecuencia y consecuencias para la salud. La difusión de productos ST como gutkha y paan masala ha afectado a todos los grupos de edad. Estos son responsables de muchas repercusiones nocivas para la salud.
Copyright (c) 2024 Elsy Lorena Jerez, Ashmita Nagrani, Eduardo Arosemena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Posición anatómica del agujero mentoniano en relación al reborde alveolar y la base mandibular mediante el uso de Tomografías Computarizadas Cone Beam en pacientes dentados
ABSTRACT Introduction: The mentonian foramen is an important structure of the anterior part of the mandible, referent in surgical procedures of the mandible, mainly of the interforaminal area. Therefore, for a more precise analysis of this anatomical structure we use Cone Beam CT scans, since it provides us with a three-dimensional image of higher quality of the maxillofacial massif as it does not present overlapping images, geometric distortion and false negatives that could increase the risk of iatrogenic lesions. Objective: To determine the distance of the mentonian foramen in relation to the alveolar ridge and the mandibular base by means of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of dentate patients. Methodology: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective; 109 Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans of dentate patients were evaluated from March to October 2020, taken from the Maxillofacial Diagnostic Institute (IDM) Lima, Peru; between 18 and 50 years old, distributed in three age groups: 18 to 28 years old, 29 to 39 years old and 40 to 50 years old. The distances from the upper edge of the mentonian foramen to the alveolar ridge and from the lower edge of the mentonian foramen to the mandibular base were analyzed, taking into account sex and age group. For the statistical analysis, SPSS Statistics version 26.0 was used and the T student test for related tests was applied to evaluate the differences between the right and left sides, T student for independent tests to analyze the measures with the male and female sexes and ANOVA of one factor for the analysis with the age groups. All tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: The mentonian foramen is closer to the mandibular base than to the alveolar ridge, whose means are 13.81mm and 14mm, respectively. The average distance was shorter in the 40 to 50 years age group and the female sex presented shorter distances. Conclusion: The mentonian foramen is 13.81mm above the mandibular base, the greatest distances were found in the male sex and the shortest distances in the 40 to 50 years age group.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ingrid Aguilar La Barrera, Sixto García Linares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Anatomical Position of the Mentonian Foramen in Relation to the Alveolar Ridge and Mandibular Base using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dentate Patients
Introduction: The mentonian foramen is an important structure of the anterior part of the mandible, referent in surgical procedures of the mandible, mainly of the interforaminal area. Therefore, for a more precise analysis of this anatomical structure we use Cone Beam CT scans, since it provides us with a three-dimensional image of higher quality of the maxillofacial massif as it does not present overlapping images, geometric distortion and false negatives that could increase the risk of iatrogenic lesions. Objective: To determine the distance of the mentonian foramen in relation to the alveolar ridge and the mandibular base by means of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of dentate patients. Methodology: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective; 109 Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans of dentate patients were evaluated from March to October 2020, taken from the Maxillofacial Diagnostic Institute (IDM) Lima, Peru; between 18 and 50 years old, distributed in three age groups: 18 to 28 years old, 29 to 39 years old and 40 to 50 years old. The distances from the upper edge of the mentonian foramen to the alveolar ridge and from the lower edge of the mentonian foramen to the mandibular base were analyzed, taking into account sex and age group. For the statistical analysis, SPSS Statistics version 26.0 was used and the T student test for related tests was applied to evaluate the differences between the right and left sides, T student for independent tests to analyze the measures with the male and female sexes and ANOVA of one factor for the analysis with the age groups. All tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: The mentonian foramen is closer to the mandibular base than to the alveolar ridge, whose means are 13.81mm and 14mm, respectively. The average distance was shorter in the 40 to 50 years age group and the female sex presented shorter distances. Conclusion: The mentonian foramen is 13.81mm above the mandibular base, the greatest distances were found in the male sex and the shortest distances in the 40 to 50 years age group.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ingrid Aguilar La Barrera , Sixto García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
If there is one certainty in Oral Medicine, it is that tobacco consumption in all its forms has a variable quantification impact on the cells of the mucosa lining the oral cavity and that, ultimately, it considerably increases the risk of oral pathologies. Recent studies indicate that toxic components of tobacco, such as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can induce histopathological changes in the oral mucosa.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sergio Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 María José Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Update of techniques for the treatment of periodontal recessions.
Background: Along the years, a remarkable variety of periodontal surgical protocols has been proposed, the focus of which has shifted from the mere resolution of a soft tissue defect to the performance of predictable and minimally invasive procedures. Initially, the free gingival graft was used. Subsequently, many different techniques were experimented, including those using soft tissue substitutes, such as the Alloderm membrane. Nowadays, the association of the connective tissue graft with the coronally advanced flap is considered the gold standard. Finally, the Pinhole technique, being a more conservative method in terms of tissue preservation and aesthetic outcome, was proposed. Objectives: The aim of this review was the comparison of the updated techniques for the treatment of multiple periodontal recessions, affecting both maxilla and mandible. The procedure outcome was assessed in terms of complete root coverage, recession reduction, gain in height and volume, aesthetic outcome, patient’s post-operative pain and morbidity of donor and recipient sites. Material and methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to collect split- mouth studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, case series, pilot studies, periodontal books, case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, including maxillary and mandibular multiple gingival recession defects of all four Miller’s classes, for its extensive evidence. Results: Thirty-four publications were included and data regarding the surgical techniques outcome were extracted from eighteen articles. The clinical evaluation analyzed the amount of complete root coverage, recession reduction and gain in height and volume, while the patient’s perspective was expressed in terms of aesthetic satisfaction and possible postoperative complications. Procedures in the last ten years showed better results in all the above-mentioned factors. Conclusion: Procedural predictability and long-lasting treatment stability embody the factors driving the technique election process and adding value to more updated procedures. Progress was observed both at an aesthetic level, by reducing the discrepancies between the surgical region and the surrounding tissue, and at a postoperative level, by reducing patient discomfort. The challenges inherent to this branch could soon find answers thanks to its prompt evolution, which allows for further advances to be conceived.
Copyright (c) 2024 Debora Scandola, Marta Muñoz-Corcuera, Gabriela Gil Abando, Emilio González Ibarguren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of quality of life and satisfaction in patients with removable partial dentures
Introduction: Various authors mention that correct planning of a removable partial denture can offer adequate satisfaction in terms of aesthetics and function. In cases where aesthetics is a priority, a design without visible clasps is proposed. In addition, this elaboration does not demand higher costs, if the practitioner reaches the corresponding diagnosis and establishes the most convenient design for each specific case. Objective: The objective was to carry out a systematic review on the perception of quality of life and satisfaction in patients with removable partial dentures. Materials and methods: Thirteen scientific articles were included using the PRISMA methodology for the identification, review and inclusion of the texts that were part of this study. The articles were selected considering the title, abstract and objective. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, comparative studies, and literature reviews that included criteria about satisfaction in patients with removable partial dentures where evaluated. The articles were read in their entirety: the objectives, methodology and conclusions of each one of them were analyzed. Results: The most common complaint was the aesthetic result, followed by pain during chewing. It is recommended to offer periodic control of the removable partial denture to evaluate its correct functioning and fit. Conclusion: The success of the treatment with removable partial dentures can be evaluated through the precise diagnosis of the case, considering previous experiences and taking into account the expectations of the patient. Also, understanding the patient’s lifestyle, socioeconomic level, periodontal health status, and personality, may be factors that allow the practitioner to reduce the risk of future failure for the treatment with removable partial dentures.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Isabel Rios López, Dante Alcántara Chávez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
¨[Original in spanish] Update of techniques for the treatment of periodontal recessions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Debora Scandola , Marta Muñoz Corcuera , Gabriela Gil Abando, Emilio González Ibarguren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Periodontal disease and its treatments have evolved over time. The aim has been to effectively treat the Periodontal Pocket, but for several decades more periodontal treatment alternatives have been complemented and developed, such as regeneration, being one of the greatest challenges for the recovery of the periodontal pockets. as well as the loss of tissue, whether hard or soft.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rodolfo Hernandez Goyenaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Therapeutic approach of transverse maxillary collapse with microimplants (TAD's)
Introduction. The atresia or narrowness of the upper jaw is a pathology of multifactorial origin that generates a transverse collapse, it implies the lack of space necessary for the correct arrangement of the dental pieces. Objective. This article is framed in a narrative review of the literature, with the aim of describing the therapeutic approach of transverse maxillary collapse with microimplants (TAD's), determining the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects in the maxilla, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of treatment. Method. The search for articles was carried out through the following platforms: Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. 21 articles whose full texts were downloaded were selected to examine them in detail and verify that they met all the inclusion criteria, of which 18 articles were obtained to prepare this narrative review. Conclusions. The therapeutic approach to transverse collapse occurs through rapid maxillary expansion (RME) or maxillary disjunction, in young growing patients; and in adult patients, treatment with the MARPE technique with microimplants (TAD's) is usually used. The main skeletal effect is the opening of the maxillary suture, which varies from 2 to 10 mm. Many authors agree that the management of the transverse collapse of the maxilla with microimplants does not generate negative dentoalveolar effects, on the contrary, it has biomechanical advantages due to the anchorage with the bone, reducing the risk of unwanted dental movement and allowing control of vertical growth.
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Adolfo Ticona Alanoca, Karla Abigail Zhunio Ordóñez, Wendy Palomeque De la Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Complications in the extraction of impacted, retained and impacted mandibular third molars. Literature Review
Purpose: To establish, through a review of the literature, which are the most prevalent complications in the extraction of impacted, impacted and impacted mandibular third molars. Procedures: A descriptive study of the literature is proposed, describing analysis through 2 types of electronic database: PubMed and SciELO, taking as support meta analysis articles, systematic reviews, etc. Results: After the revisions of the corresponding analyzes of the complications that the extraction of third molars can cause, whether they are: lacerations, hemorrhages, bleeding, fractures, etc. It will be confirmed that the best way to avoid them is the correct surgical and pharmacological management. Conclusion: With this review of the literature, it is concluded that a correct diagnostic and knowledge of the complications that can rise from acute edema to fractures, which in the worst case occur due to poor clinical-surgical management, always the treatment of choice is the best option to treat them.
Copyright (c) 2023 Steven Alfredo Mena Alencastro, Maria Cristina Rockenbach https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dental fluorosis in adolescents from Educational Institutions of Lima, Peru
Introduction: Dental fluorosis is an endemic pathology caused by the excessive ingestion of fluorides that can produce an alteration during the development of the enamel and is considered an important public health problem because it affects the oral and systemic health of the population. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and levels of dental fluorosis in school children between 12 and 15 years of age belonging to two educational institutions in Lima, Peru. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, the sample consisted of 252 students between 12 and 15 years of age from two educational centers in Lima. Sampling was by systematic selection of sample elements. Dental fluorosis was evaluated using the Dean Index. To determine the frequency and levels of dental fluorosis a clinical oral examination was carried out and a previously validated questionnaire was developed. Results: The frequency of dental fluorosis was 44.8% (n=113) affecting more males by 27.39% (n=69) and adolescents aged 13 years (15.1%). In relation to the levels of fluorosis, the "very mild" type predominated (34.9%). An association was also found between the presence and level of fluorosis with the number of fluoride applications (p<0.05). In addition, Dean's community fluorosis index was reported to be 0.43. Conclusions: In the school population evaluated, the frequency of fluorosis was 44.8% and the predominant level of fluorosis was very mild. In addition, the community index was 0.43, which indicated a borderline level of public health importance. Therefore, it can be considered that the number of topical fluoride applications received by the population without adequate planning could become a risk factor for causing dental fluorosis.
Copyright (c) 2023 Victor Chumpitaz-Cerrate, Maricé Maribé Pardavé-Ponce, Lesly Chávez-Rimache, Carlos Erazo-Paredes, Vanessa Pérez-Jimenez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The prevalence of a second root canal in mandibular anterior teeth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Introduction: It was believed that the mandibular anterior teeth usually have a single root canal with a single root. However, a study by Vertucci et. al., (1974), showed a high prevalence (13%) of two root canals in the lower anterior teeth, which stimulated further investigations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second root canal in the mandibular anterior teeth in a Nicaraguan population, these were detected by means of computed tomography (Cone Beam). Materials and methods: In the study, 293 teeth were analyzed, from canine to canine of the mandibular teeth. To perform the analysis, the free software Radiant DICOM Viewer 2021.2.2 was used, sagittal, axial and coronal views were made to see the prevalence of the second root canal. Results: Of the 293 teeth analyzed, it was found that 259 had a single root canal corresponding to 88.4%, and 34 teeth had two root canals corresponding to 11.6%. According to the tomographic analysis, it was found that the presence of the second root canal was observed only in the axial and sagittal views. Regarding the presence of the second canal according to the third of the root canal, it was identified that the majority presented in the middle third (52.94%), followed by coronal (29.41%) and finally the apical third (17.65%). According to the Vertucci classification, it was found that there is a higher percentage of type I with 88.40%, followed by type III with 4.44%, then type V with 3.41%, and type II with 2.39%. The one with the lowest percentage was type VI with 1.37%, while in the pieces analyzed, types IV, VII and VIII were not found. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, the prevalence of a second root canal in lower anterior teeth was 11.6%.
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Fernanda Maynard Sanchez, Alejandro Quezada Ballesteros , Sergio Cordero, Sarah Toledo, Juan Ramón Vanegas Sáenz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0