Fluoride. Antivet vs Ácido Clorhídrico.

Diferencias entre antivet y ácido clorhidrico

Abstract

Dental fluorosis is a hypomineralization of the enamel produced as a response to the ingestion of fluoride for a prolonged period during the enamel formation. It is an irreversible alteration, which is clinically characterized by the presence of thin whitish lines distributed in the dental enamel corresponding to the disposition of the perichymata. In more advanced degrees of the disease, changes are observed in the entire enamel surface, which acquires an opaque appearance, like limestone. In the most severe levels of dental fluorosis, hypomineralization and the increase in the porosity of the dental enamel leads to the loss of essential portions of its structure, producing fractures, thus deteriorating the appearance and functionality of the affected teeth. Th recommends the reference value for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l.  Fluoride is a halogen gas, the most electronegative of the periodic table elements, with atomic number 19, practically does not exist free in nature but is associated with other elements such as calcium and sodium.   The primary way of incorporation of fluorine in the human organism is through the digestive system. It is rapidly  absorbed in the small intestine and stomach by a simple phenomenon of diffusion. Once absorbed, fluoride passes into the blood and is distributed in the tissues, preferentially deposited in hard tissues; it is eliminated by all excretion routes, mainly by the urine. The amount of fluoride in the body is variable and depends on ingestion, inhalation, absorption, elimination, and the characteristics of the compounds. It is generally concentrated in bones, cartilage, teeth, and bacterial plaque. Fluoride deposition varies with age and excretion. In children, 50% is fixed in bones and teeth information; in adults, it is deposited in bones. There are several methods for its elimination. In this research, 18 procedures were performed on patients of both sexes. The methodology was divided into two groups of 8 persons each, in which Antivet was used in the first group and 18% hydrochloric acid in the second group. The cases were randomly selected, and then the clinical changes were observed with each group. In the first group of people who used Antivet, it was shown that in severe cases of fluorosis, it was not such an effective method since it did not eliminate the brown stains. However, it is a very effective method for clinical use when the degrees of fluorosis are lower.  In the second group of people who used 18% hydrochloric acid, the effectiveness of the treatment was demonstrated in advanced degrees of fluorosis, where the enamel is more than 50% damaged, making it an excellent treatment method with due control in its handling.