Erupciones Volcánicas su Impacto en las Comunidades Aledañas: Volcán Poás, Costa Rica.
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Palabras clave:
Turismo, Medición, Impacto, Erupciones, Volcán, Modelos, Resiliencia, Costa Rica.Resumen
Costa Rica, posee cuatro volcanes activos, entre los que se desataca el Volcán Poas el cual la semana previa a la semana santa del 2017, 11 años después, hace erupción de nuevo, esta vez dada la violencia y permanencia en el tiempo de estas, hace que las autoridades del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAC), tomasen la decisión de cerrar el acceso totalmente, con el consecuente impacto para las finanzas de los negocios y personas en las comunidades aledañas. Los objetivos de este estudio son, comparar los resultados del impacto de las erupciones en la economía del turismo de volcanes, en 2006 con los del 2017 e identificar las variables que están afectando el número de meses que es posible para los empresarios soportar el cierre del acceso. Se tomó una muestra con propósito de 21 negocios del área aledaña, tablas comparativas y se desarrolló una ecuación estandarizada. La incapacidad de resistir el cierre es real ya que el 68,4%. solo puede soportar un mes y el 15,8% dos meses. Las variables que afectan la capacidad de tolerar la crisis son: % de margen de ganancia, % de reducción en las visitas, total de ventas directas en un día malo, gasto mensual en suministros y años de vivir en la comunidad. La reducción de la vulnerabilidad de los negocios, pasa por un replanteamiento profundo de la imagen del área como destino turístico,
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Aguirre, Juan Antonio y Megan Ahearn. (2008) Tourism, Volcanic Eruptions and Information:lessons for crisis management in national parks, Costa Rica, 2006. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. Vol. 5.No 3. 175-191.
Barclay, J., Haynes, K., Mitchell, T., Solana, C., Teeuw, R., Darnell, A. Kelman, I. (2008). Framing volcanic risk coimmunication within a disaster risk reduction: finding ways for the social and physical science to worlk together. In D. G. E. Liverman, C. P. G. Pereira, & B. Marker (Eds.), Communicating environmental geoscience (pp. 163-177). (Geological Society of London Special Publications; No. 305). Bath: Geological Society of London. DOI: 10.1144/SP305.14 bajando en Septiembre 2017: https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/framing-volcanic-risk-communication-within-disaster-risk-reduction(458d9389-5b13-4fbe-9c02-ab2f46070ef6)/export.html
Benson Charlotte. (1997). the Economic Impact of Natural Disasters in the Philippines. Working Paper No 99. Overseas Development Institute. London. England.
Bird Deanne K, Gudrun Gisladottir y , Dale Dominey-Howes. (2010) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 189 (2010) 33–48
Bureau of Transport Economics (2001).Economic Cost of Natural Disasters in Australia. Bureau of Transport Economics. Canberra. Australia.
Chacon Chavarria, Oscar. (2005) La actividad volcánica del Arenal como fuente de desarrollo turístico y vulnerabilidad socio-económica: una visión a partir de la percepción. Tesis de Licenciatura. Escuela de Geografía. Universidad de Costa Rica. San Jose. Costa Rica. 150 paginas
Dóniz Páez Javier, Cayetano Guillén, Rafael Becerra Ramírez y Gábor Kereszturi (2010). Volcanes y turismo: patrimonio, atractivo, recurso y producto Turismo (2010) Volumen 2, 73-79.
Gaillard Jean-Christophe(2007)Resilience of traditional societies in facing natural hazards Disaster Prevention and Management Vol. 16 No. 4, 2007 pp. 522-544 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0965-3562 DOI 10.1108/09653560710817011
Gandía Calabuig Ángela. (2012) Japón: Fomento del Turismo y Cambio en la Imagen del Destino. Análisis del antes y después de un desastre natural. Diplomatura De Turismo Escuela Politécnica Superior De Gandía Universidad Politécnica De Valencia. Valencia. España.203 pag.
Guha-Sapir Debarati y Philippe Hoyois. (2012).Measuring the Human and Economic Impact of Disasters. Government Office for Science. Foresight Project: Reducing the Risk of Future Disasters; Priorities for Decision Makers.Bruselas. Belgica. 51 paginas
Jayarman,T.K, Chee Keong Choong, Cheong Fatt Ng & Markand Bhatt ( 2016) Natural Disasters And Tourism-Led Growth Economic Growth a Case Study of Fiji: 1980-2014 Islands And Small States Institute, Occasional Papers On Islands and Small States .Issn 1024-6282 .Occasional Paper Number: 01/2016 University Of Malta, Msida, Malta. 24 Pages.
Ji Guo , Hui Liu , Xianhua Wu , Jiong Gu, Shunfeng Song y Yinshan Tang (2015)Natural Disasters, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in China—An Empirical Study Using. Provincial Panel Data. Sustainability, 7, 16783–16800.
Kelman Ilan Tamsin A. Mather (2008)Living with volcanoes: The sustainable livelihoods approach for volcano-related opportunities Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 172 . 189–198
Noy, Ilan y Rio, Yonson (2016). A survey of the theory and measurement of economic vulnerability and resilience to natural hazards Working Papers In Economics And Finance. .Working Paper 03/2016. School of Economics and Finance | Victoria Business School. University of Wellington. Victoria. New Zealand.34 pages
Noy Ilan y Tam Bang Vu. (2009). The Economics of Natural Disasters in a Developing Country: The Case of Vietnam Working Paper No. 09-3 Department of Economics and College of Business and Economics University of Hawai‘i. Manoa and Hilo. Hawai
OECD. (1994). Guidelines on Aid and Environment No 7. Guidelines for AID Agencies and Disaster Mitigation. Paris. Development Assistance Committee. Office for Economic Cooperation and Development. Implications for the International Development assistance community.
Otero R.C. y Martí. R.Z. (1995). The Impact of Natural Disasters on Developing Economies: Implications for the International Development and Disaster Community' in M . Munasinghe and C. Clarke, (eds) Disaster Prevention for Sustainable Development: Economic and Policy Issues. Washington. DC: The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and the World Bank
Paton Douglas ,Leigh Smith , Michele Daly , David Johnston . 2008. Risk perception and volcanic hazard mitigation: Individual and social perspectives Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 172 (2008) 179–188
Romero Toledo, Hugo & Hugo Romero Aravena (2015). Ecología política de los desastres: vulnerabilidad, exclusión socio-territorial y erupciones volcánicas en la patagonia chilena. Magallania. Vol. 43(3):7-26
Styne, Daniel.(2005). Economic Significance of Recreational Uses of National Parks and other Pubic Lands. Social Science Research Review. Vol 5 No1. 1-35.
Styne Daniel y Sen Ya-Yen.(2003). Economic Impact of National Parks Spending in Gateway Communities System-wide estimates for 2001.NPS. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Resources. Michigan State University. East Lansing.
Tobin GA y Whiteford LM (2002) Community resilience and volcano hazard: the eruption of Tungurahua and evacuation of the faldas in Ecuador. Disasters. 2002 Mar;26(1):28-48, Bajado en Septiembre 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Tobin%20GA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11929158
Okuyama Y., Hewings G.J.D., Sonis M. (2004) Measuring Economic Impacts of Disasters: Interregional Input-Output Analysis Using Sequential Interindustry Model. In: Okuyama Y., Chang S.E. (eds) Modeling Spatial and Economic Impacts of Disasters. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Wilkinson Emily (2015)Beyond the volcanic crisis: co-governance of risk in MontserratJournal of Applied Volcanology Society and Volcanoes20154:3 Bajado Septiembre 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-014-0021-7
Worthington, Andrews y Abbas Valadkani,(2004) Measuring the Impact of Natural Disasters on capital markets: an empirical application using intervention analysis.Applied Economics. Vol 39 No 19. 2177-2186.
World Bank (2016). Pacific Possible: Climate and Disaster Resilience, The World Bank Washington, D.C.:
Publicado
2019-10-02
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Aguirre Gonzalez, J. A. (2019). Erupciones Volcánicas su Impacto en las Comunidades Aledañas: Volcán Poás, Costa Rica.: . REDS, 1(1). Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ulatina.ac.cr/index.php/ecologia/article/view/308
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